Endnotes

1 Tennyson, Alfred. "The Charge of the Light Brigade." The Examiner 29 Dec. 1854.

2 Fenton, Roger. Shadow of the Valley of Death. 1855. Photograph. Getty Museum, Los Angeles. Illustrated London News. Print.

3 Leech, John. "The Reason Why." Ed. Mark Lemon and Henry Mayhew. Punch 29 (1855): 83. University of Toronto Archives. Web. 5 Mar. 2011. <http://www.archive.org/details/punch28a29/emouoft>.

4 Bennett, James R. "Maud's Battle-Song." Victorian Poetry 18.1 (1980): 35-49. Print.

5 Sypher, F. J. "Politics in the Poetry of Tennyson." Victorian Poetry 14.2 (1976): 101-12. Print

6 Lalumia, Matthew. "Realism and Anti-Aristocratic Sentiment in Victorian Depictions of the Crimean War." Victorian Studies 27.1 (1983): 25-52. Print.

7 

During the Crimean War, the lowest positions in the British army were often occupied by poor, working-class men. Enlisting out of desperation, these soldiers were subject to meagre pay and appalling living conditions with little chance of advancement.

Lalumia, Matthew. "Realism and Anti-Aristocratic Sentiment in Victorian Depictions of the Crimean War." Victorian Studies 27.1 (1983): 25-52. Print.

8 

Sypher, F. J. "Politics in the Poetry of Tennyson." Victorian Poetry 14.2 (1976): 101-12. Print

9 

Sypher, F. J. "Politics in the Poetry of Tennyson." Victorian Poetry 14.2 (1976): 101-12. Print

10 Morris, Errol. "Which Came First, the Chicken or the Egg?" The New York Times. Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr., 25 Sept. 2007. Web. 5 Mar. 2011. <http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/09/25/which-came-first-the-chicken-or-the-egg-part-one/>.

11 Morris, Errol. "Which Came First, the Chicken or the Egg?" The New York Times. Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr., 25 Sept. 2007. Web. 5 Mar. 2011. <http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/09/25/which-came-first-the-chicken-or-the-egg-part-one/>.

12 In her book, Regarding the Pain of Others, Susan Sontag claimed several icon war photographs were, in fact, staged. In particular, she alleged that Fenton himself had placed the canon balls on the road to create a scene with greater emotional impact. In 2007, documentary filmmaker Errol Morris travelled to the original scene of the photo to investigate the merit of the argument, which he ultimately declared was unfounded. However, the "truth" of Fenton's famous photograph is still debated today.

Morris, Errol. "Which Came First, the Chicken or the Egg?" The New York Times. Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr., 25 Sept. 2007. Web. 5 Mar. 2011. <http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/09/25/which-came-first-the-chicken-or-the-egg-part-one/>.

13 Yang, Cecil Y., and Edgar F. Shannon Jr., eds. Letters of Alfred Lord Tennyson. Vol. 2. New York: Harvard UP, 1987. Print.

14 

As a direct result of public outcry over the mishandling of the Crimean War, the British government ended the purchase system in 1871, opting instead for a merit system “open to all.” The “Cardwell reforms” included: shorter service terms, more promotions, higher wages and better overall living conditions for the soldiers.

15 

Although aristocratic officers were heavily criticized for the mismanagement of the Crimean War, the Queen herself became a symbol of new-found empathy for the plight of wounded soldiers. In fact, according to Lalumia, Queen Victoria herself commissioned a series of photographs of patients at a military hospital in Brompton. The moving images, captured by journalists Joseph Cundall and Robert Howlett, appeared in The Illustrated London News in 1855.

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