In modern times, beyond the realm of English literature, the Romani people face various forms of representation, positive and negative, through varying mediums. At times, they are still relegated to the part of the subaltern, where their representation is performed by an author or artist that is non-Romani. This can be seen in the characters of the "Gyptians" in Philip Pullman's series of fantasy novels His Dark Materials. The Romani have also found their way into the realm of reality television with shows like My Big Fat Gypsy Wedding tending to portray the more extravagant elements of the Romani and their cultural traditions. On the other end of the spectrum, Romani have been able to create and access their own avenues of hegemony. Bands like Gogol Bordello, founded by a half Romani Ukrainian, blend traditional Romani styles of music with modern forms of punk and rock and roll. In this way, the Romani subaltern is finally allowed to speak for itself and choose how to be represented. An example of traditional Romani music can be found here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n2QVUo7QOmU An example of modern Romani music played by the band Gogol Bordello can be found here for comparison's sake: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9mXYWwQRGcY
    Throughout their time in Europe, the Romani have been subjected to varying forms of oppression from the restrictive, such as the laws mentioned earlier, to the mostly harmless, such as the misrepresentation that occurred in the Victorian era, to the devastating such as the Porajmos of World War II. However, with a larger amount of global consciousness and more organization amongst Romani tribes, the Romani people are able to successful access their own cultural traditions and control their portrayal.